The moon phases are portrayed as consistent over a lunar cycle. The cycle is based upon the moons elliptical orbit around the earth as one focus of the ellipse.
Part A
Yet the Earth orbits the sun, like the helicopter orbiting the moving helicopter.
The motion of one helicopter orbiting the moving helicopter produces a spiral shape. This spiral shape of the orbiting helicopter indicates an acceleration and deceleration of the helicopter relative to the straight line helicopter. Comparatively the moon orbits the moving earth and should produce accelerations and decelerations observed on earth that are not compatible with an elliptical orbit. Yet the Helio model claims the moon orbits the moving earth in an ellipse. The incompatibility of the Helio claim of the elliptical moon orbit with a spiral path of the moon against the moving earth invalidates the Helio model.
The nature of a elliptical orbit of the moon as an ellipse is incompetent to account for the motion of the moon around the earth. For every time the moon moves with the earth's orbit, the moon must accelerate, and when the moon orbits against the earth's orbit, decelerate to account for the observed lunar cycle. An elliptical orbit is simply incompatible with an orbiting earth.
The problem becomes worse when we note the moons elliptical orbit processes, which means over a period of time the moons perihelion and aphelion rotate in space around the earth. The rotation of the perihelion and aphelion means the Helio model cannot account for the moon as an elliptical orbit around the earth. For the moons orbit with its ever processing perihelion and aphelion cannot consistently provide for the accelerations and decelerations on a monthly basis in relation to the earth's orbit. Every month the moon must accelerate on the far side of the sun-earth-moon alignment and decelerate on the close side of the sun-moon- earth alignment. Theses accelerations and decelerations are not consistent with an elliptical orbit.
The symmetry of the lunar cycle shown above is incompatible with the spiral motion expected of the moon orbiting the earth is space as indicated above. If the moon orbits the earth via an ellipse, we should observe a non symmetrical shadow on the moon over the lunar cycle. There should be light on the moon for a long time when the sun-earth-moon alignment, and a lighter for a shorter time with the sun-moon-earth alignment.
Part B
The standard elliptical orbit model has a fixed focus. The Helio model requires the earth to move through space with changes in velocity and distance to the sun. Hence the Helio model requires a non fixed focus to the earth as the focus of the moon's elliptical orbit. A non fixed focus of an elliptical orbit is not in accord with the model of the elliptical orbit with a fixed focus. Hence the moon cannot be consistently modeled as being an ellipse and seeing from Earth the accelerations and decelerations expected of an elliptical orbit.
Also the moon must travel through space in a spiral by -
1) accelerating with the sun-earth-moon alignment whereby the moon slows down against the motion of the earth around the sun,
and
2) decelerating with the sun-moon-earth alignment whereby the moon speeds up with the motion of the earth around the sun.
Such accelerations do not exist in the standard elliptical orbit model. Hence, if the Earth based observer sees the moon in an elliptical orbit around the earth, the elliptical orbit is only apparent and not real. For a real elliptical orbit cannot account for the motions in 1) and 2) above.
Alternatively, if the moon travels through space in a spiral as indicated in an above post, then it may be seen from earth as an elliptical orbit. Yet again, the moon's motion through space is not elliptical, but a spiral, which includes the motions of 1) and 2) which are not contained within the standard ellipse model.
The various motions of the earth and moons are hopelessly complicated and cannot be reduced to a moon elliptical orbit. The procession of the moon's ellipse makes the moon's orbit more complex, and only adds to the problems of 1) and 2) above. For the appropriate accelerations and decelerations are required of the moon's orbit as the moon's ellipse processes. This is simply not possible for an elliptical orbit model.
A possible answer to this problem is to claim the moon is somehow attached to the earth via the phenomenon called gravity. Yet this answer only assumes a phenomenon not accounted for within the model. There is no force, and no phenomenon within the standard elliptical orbit model that accounts for the vacuous assumption that gravity causes the earth, as a moving focus, to then become the stationary focus of the moon's elliptical orbit. The vacuous assumption is essential to any defense of the Helio model, yet the assumption is without merit.
There are no compelling reasons to believe the Helio model can rigorously account for the orbit of the moon. The Helio model has several major weaknesses, one of is the moving focus of the moon's elliptical orbit. A similar problem occurs with all the other planets that orbit the moving solar system barycentre. The motion of the focus of the ellipse means the models must both affirm the motion, but then ignore, or hand wave away the problem under the simplistic assumption that the planets are just carried along with the moving barycentre. Of course to assume this answer is true is to contradict Newtonian mechanics that says acceleration requires a force. Yet the Helio model ignores this central teaching of Newtonian mechanics and claims to solve the problem of the moving focus without the need for forces to account for the ongoing attachment of the planets to imitate a non-moving focus.
If the focus of the ellipse is not moving, then the standard elliptical model, (which is itself problematic) may then be applied without the use of a force to explain the stationary focus. But if the focus moves via a change in velocity, then there is acceleration and an accompanied force that must be inserted into the model to have the accelerated focus correctly modeled within an elliptical orbit model. The force does not exist in the Helio model, which only assumes the earth as the focus of the moon's orbit is always stationary relative to the moon.
Part C
The problem with the Helio model also involves the two claims that
1) within the Helio model the moon's orbit is an ellipse and
2) the moon is seen from earth as an ellipse.
Yet these two claims are incompatible with each other.
If 1) is true, then 2) is false.
The moons orbit cannot be an ellipse against a moving earth for the reasons given above. Hence 1) is false. If the moon is observed from earth as an ellipse. Then 2) is true.
If 2) is true, then 1) is false.
If the moon's orbit is observed from earth to be an ellipse, then 2) is true. But the orbit is in fact not an ellipse in space within the Helio model, for the Helio model of an ellipse does not account for the motions within the month to account for the earths orbit around the sun. Hence 1) is false.
The Helio model cannot hold to both 1) and 2) as both true.
Another aspect of the problem - If the moving focus is the earth as a real body with a real mass. As the real body moves through space, the body accelerates. As the accelerating body is the focus of the moon's ellipse, the ellipse must also accelerate along with the earth. The acceleration of the earth along with the moons ellipse means a force must be included within the moon's elliptical orbit, which is systematically ignored if we assume the focus moves, the ellipse moves with it. Simple. But in reality the problem is not so simple if we want to be consistent with Newtonian mechanics. Hence the problem.
If we ignore the acceleration of the focus of the moon's ellipse, we ignore the acceleration of the earth. In turn we ignore the motion of the earth around the sun. Which in turn means we ignore the Heliocentric model, with it's current claims to be the preferred model.
JM
thank you for these great finds
ReplyDeleteExcellent, but the image needs to be improved... perhaps
ReplyDelete