The Problem of the Affirmation of an Infinite Regress and Being as an Impulse Caused by God Consequent to Atheism.

Atheism may posit an infinite series of causes to account for the existence of any single contingent substance. Each member of the series except one member is both an effect of another cause and a cause of an effect. Yet no creature within the series can be a cause of being of another creature, for only being can cause being. For being is the fundamental perfection and that which is fundamental is caused by the same fundamental and not caused by that which is causally posterior. As a nature existing in the concrete has being, then the nature in the concrete is dependent upon being for the act to be. The nature existing in the concrete is then posterior to being itself. Therefore, the nature existing in the concrete is not a cause of being, but only an effect of being efficiently caused by another being. As creatures cannot cause the being of another creature, then an infinite regress of creatures cannot properly be a regress of creatures that cause the being of another creature. The being in the series is then not caused by the creatures, but must be something likened to an  impulse which moves from one creature to another. 

The series is like that of a pool ball that receives the impulse of motion from the pool cue and the moving ball then transfers that impulse into another ball to move the second ball. The first ball receives the impulse of motion and then touches another ball to transfer the impulse of motion into another ball. The impulse is an accidental quality placed within the ball by another, whereby the quality is not properly from the ball as ball, but within the ball, caused by an extrinsic agent in the pool cue. The impulse is not properly from any ball, but a distinct quality apart from any ball, but contained at least for some time within each ball and transferred from ball to ball via the force of contact. The impulse as a quality within the ball means the balls motion is not properly caused by the ball that moves, nor by the ball touching another ball. The impulse to move is properly transferred by the quality within the moving ball when the ball touches another ball.

Analogously, when one posits an infinite regress of creatures causing other creatures, the being of the prior creature is not the cause of the being of another creature. For a creature cannot cause being per se, but only act as an extrinsic cause of the nature of another creature. Consequently, an infinite series of creatures only ever acts co-naturally with the contrary cause of being of each and every creature. The infinite series of creatures acts like the pools balls, where each pool ball only has a quality of motion given to the ball from an extrinsic, prior cause, but no ball actually causes the quality of motion per se.  Or again, the infinite series is really likened to an infinite series of pipe parts joined together in an infinitely long pipe. The pipe contains a fluid which flows within the pipe, but no part of the pipe actually per se causes the fluid. Each part of the pipe acts to connaturally cause the motion of the fluid as the container of the fluid. 

Similarly, in an infinite series of creatures that are thought to cause the being of another creature, but in fact no creature per se causes the being of another. The being in the series of creatures is then not per se caused by any creature. But each creature may be likened to a container of being, whereby the being is restricted to a creature which acts connaturally with being, but the being is not per se caused by the creature. Or again, the being of the creature that as transferred to another creature is like the transfer of an impulse of motion from pool ball to pool ball. The transfer of quality is analogous to the transfer of being of creatures. 

Where no creature actually causes being, but every creature has being received and given to another creature. The being in the series of creatures is then caused by another contrary cause other than the creatures. The contrary cause of being that is not a creature within the series, and is not any creature, for a creature cannot cause being. The contrary cause of being of the series is being itself. For being as the fundamental perfection is only caused by the same fundamental perfection. But God is being itself. Therefore, the being of the series of creatures is caused by God. Therefore, atheisms appeal to an infinite regress of creatures concludes to the existence of God. Therefore, atheism is false.