The Problem of Atheism's Accounting for Creatures as through the Existence of More Creatures.

Some atheists hold to the existence of a series of creatures to account for the existence of another creature, say a tree stump. For the tree stump exists, but does not necessarily exist and may in fact not exist at all. The atheist is then assuming an insufficiency in the tree stump, and provides a cause for the insufficiency in the tree stump as through other creatures. But because the insufficiency is intrinsic to the nature of creatures, more creatures will never provide a solution to the problem of the insufficiency in creatures, but will only ever make the problem worse. For an empty bucket that must be filled with water cannot be filled with anything else than water. So too a creature that has a lack of an account of being, cannot have an account of being from another creature as the source of the lack of being. For just as only water can provide for the lack of water in the bucket, only being can provide for the lack of being in the creature. 

The being that causes the being of a creature is God and never another creature. For a creature cannot cause being as the being of another creature, but can only act as an extrinsic efficient cause of another creature.