An Argument for Atheism's Proposed Problem's with the Divine Attributes and Divine Simplicity as Evidence for the Divine Transcendence of the Christian God.

Catholic supernatural monotheism according to St Thomas Aquinas says God is the prime, simple act without limit.

God’s essence cannot be other than His existence. In any being whose essence is distinct from its existence, what it is must be distinct from that whereby it is. For in virtue of a thing’s existence we say that it is, and in virtue of its essence we say what it is. This is why a definition that signifies an essence manifests what a thing is. In God, however, there is no distinction between what He is and that whereby He is, since there is no composition in Him, as has been shown. Therefore God’s essence is nothing else than His existence. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/nature_grace.vi.iii.iv.html 

God as simple means God is not composed of any parts and everything in God is God. The divine simplicity follows upon the proofs for the existence of God and the deduced truth of the union of essence and being in God. The divine simplicity is also a truth of the Catholic faith as stated in the Council of Toledo in 693 -

296 Let the designation of this “holy will”-although through a comparative similitude of the Trinity, where it is called memory, intelligence, and will-refer to the person of the Holy Spirit [Augustine’s psychological analogy]; according to this, however, what applies to itself, is predicated substantially. For the will is the Father, the will is the Son, the will is the Holy Spirit; just as God is the Father, God is the Son, God is the Holy Spirit and many other similar things, which according to substance those who live as protectors of the Catholic faith do not for any reason hesitate to say. And just as it is Catholic to say: God from God, light from light, life from life, so it is a proved assertion of true faith to say the will from the will; just as wisdom from wisdom, essence from essence, and as God the Father begot God the Son, so the Will, the Father, begot the Son, the Will. Thus, although according to essence the Father is will, the Son is will and the Holy Spirit is will, we must not however believe that there is unity according to a relative sense, since one is the Father who refers to the Son, another the Son, who refers to the Father, another the Holy Spirit who, because He proceeds from the Father and the Son, refers to the Father and the Son; not the same but one in one way, one in another, because to whom there is one being in the nature of deity, to these there is a special property in the distinction of persons.”

And as discussed by St Thomas Aquinas, https://www.ccel.org/a/aquinas/summa/FP/FP003.html

Following upon the divine simplicity, God is known to be all perfection simply. The perfect union of all perfection in God is itself a mystery that cannot be understood by reason alone. For by human reason, the simplicity of the union of divine perfections such as mercy and justice, power and knowledge each contain problems that either cannot or may not be fully resolved by human reason alone. Yet those perfections do exist in God as God's divine essence.

Therefore, because God is proven to exist in natural theology, the existence of ongoing problems related to the perfections within God associated with the divine simplicity only conclude to God is both intelligible, and incomprehensible. God is intelligible, for there is nothing absurd in the divinity. God is incomprehensible, for there are mysteries contained within the divine nature that cannot be fully comprehended by human reason.

Some atheists approach the Christian divinity and attempt to show the divinity contains unresolvable problems according to the reconciliation of divine attributes. Yet by atheists exposing the problems with God, the atheist has assumed that the divinity is comprehensible, when in fact the divinity is incomprehensible. The assumption that God is comprehensible reduces the transcendent nature of God down to a creature. For that which is transcendent is incomprehensible to human reason, and what is natural is possibly comprehensible, or actually comprehensible to human reason. 

For the atheist to correctly expose the problems with the Christian divinity, the transcendence of God must be shown as false. Only then can the atheist propose arguments for the non-existence of the Christian God, based upon unresolvable problems associated with the divine attributes. For if the Christian God is transcendent, any unresolvable problems associated with the divine attributes have a partial solution through an appeal to the divine transcendence. The existence of the divine transcendence implies there must be much reality in God that is beyond the insight of human reason.

Therefore the real reason why there are unresolvable problems concerning the simple union of the divine attributes is not that the problems are unresolvable, but the problems are caused by rational creatures who cannot understand the fullness of God. The atheist's problems with reconciling the divine simplicity with the divine attributes are strong evidence for the existence of all the divine attributes within the simple God, who is also transcendent. For a transcendent God must have a transcendent reality which cannot be understood by human reason alone.

Therefore, only the transcendent God contains within itself the divine nature as a principle of perfection beyond human understanding. The atheists who propose the non-existence of the Christian God through the problems posed concerning the divine attributes are in fact proposing strong evidence for the incomprehensibility and transcendence of the Christian God.

Conclusion - The real problems posed by atheist's and Christian theists concerning the union of divine attributes with the divine simplicity provide strong evidence for the divine transcendence of the Christian God.