1) The Universe always existed - is not possible for the universe currently exists in a state of tension in which diverse parts have not yet reached a state of equilibrium. As an infinitely old universe would be in a state of equilibrium in accord with the laws of entropy, the universe then had a beginning.
2) The Universe came from something else - is an explanation that only delays the answer to another part of the same universe. The answer is sophistic by purporting to explain the universe only in terms of the universe. Such an answer is a logically circular self-creation myth.
3) The Universe came from nothing - is an explanation which is self-contradictory. For non-being (not B) as a cause of being (B) in the effect. Also, non-being cannot be a cause of an effect which is being. For a lack of the same being is not affected in the same being.
Argument 1) -
If we assume atheism insists the universe came from nothing, non-being is a real cause of the universe and being of the universe is a real effect of non-being.
The negation of the same as a cause is then the same as an effect.
Therefore non being and being are the same.
So if everything came from nothing.
Then everything is nothing.
Argument 2) -
If atheists insist the universe came from nothing, nothing is understood both as non-being, but also as non-being acting in the manner of being, to be the cause of the beginning of the universe as an effect of non-being.
Non-being as the cause of being, is then both non-being and being.
Non-being is non being in itself, but also non-being is being in relation to the origin of the universe.
Yet, the universe, which in the materialist worldview is everything, is being.
But because the universe is an effect of nothing, the universe is also being in itself, but also non-being in relation to nothing as the origin of the universe.
For the effect is always a similitude of the cause.
The universe is then both being and non-being in diverse manners.
Yet if the universe is non-being, then the universe is both everything and nothing.
Conclusion - The conclusion of the atheist's radical assumption of the universe from nothing is the universe is both everything and nothing is a very curious outcome from a radical atheistic position. Atheism is a radical ontological curiosity shop.
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